PIF 1. Energy Efficiency in the Transport Sector

The following GEF-PAS priority is to be funded by the Italian Government's $USD10million grant to the South Pacific:

1. Energy Efficiency in the Transport Sector (Italian funded)




GREENHOUSE GAS ABATEMENT THROUGH ENERGY EFFICIENCY
AND AND BIOFUEL APPLICATIONS IN THE LAND TRANSPORT SECTOR


Criteria and Suitability
1. Pacific SIDS - YES
2. GEF OFP endorsement letter – YES
3. Italian consultant/advisor requested – YES
4. Co-financing requested (from other sources) – YES
5. Partnerships with Italian companies – YES

Participants
Government of Samoa (GOS) through the following agencies:
1. Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade (MFAT) - Political Focal Point for GEF
2. Ministry of Natural Resources & Environment (MNRE) - Operational Focal Point for GEF
3. Ministry of Works, Transport & Infrastructure (MWTI
4. Ministry of Women, Community & Social Development (MWCSD)
5. Electric Power Authority (EPC)
6. Research and Development Institute of Samoa (RDIS)

Relevant Documents
1. National Policy on Combating Climate Change
2. National Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Abatement Strategy 2007-2017 (draft)
3. National Adaptation Programme of Action
4. National Energy Policy
5. Strategy for the Development of Samoa 2008-2010 (forthcoming)
6. Ist National Communication on Climate Change
7. 2nd National Communication on Climate Change (forth coming)

Background
The above documents have highlighed the need for the GOS to address mitigation and adaptation measures as part of a global response to climate change. As a Small Island Development State Samoa is extremely vulnerable to the impact of climate change. It is also srongly dependent on the use of imported fossil fuel as its main source of energy.

The patterns of energy production and consumption in Samoa have undergone significant changes in the past two decades. This is primarily the result of the completion of a rural electrification programme in Samoa which has now supplied electricity to 95% or more of the population. There has also been a number of other significant factors which need to be tabled here, including
(i) Significant growth in gross domestic product;
(ii) the establishment of commercial gas supply networks in the country;
(iii) the increased availability and affordability of a variety of commercial electrical and gas appliances and related equipment;
(iv) an increase in opportunities for acquiring new and second-hand vehicles as well as motorised equipment from neighboring countries such as New Zealand, Australia and the United States;
(v) the expansion of transportation infrastructure to the point of peak traffic hours with severe congestion and emission pollution being recorded within villages,
(vi) a rapidly expanding tourism industry with no carbon off-setting or carbon neutalization efforts being made; and
(vii) a continuing increase of overseas oil prices.

These are the key factors which have had a major bearing on the impacts caused by increased fossil fuel imports, on increase in energy production and energy consumption patterns, and with subsequent socio-economic and health implications. Samoa, by ratifying the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol, has been more able to engage directly in international efforts to adapt to and mitigate global climate changes as part of the Millennium Development Goals and the Pacific Plan.

Samoa is now heavily dependent on imported petroleum products for domestic energy needs. For example, the number of vehicles has been steadily rising over the past 3-4 years from 14,503 in 2003/4, 15,346 in 2004/5, 16,078 in 2005/06 to 17,394 in 2006/07 (a two-fold additional increase within the past 12 months). Fossil fuel imports have also risen over the past few years from approximately 70 million litres in 2000, to 69 million litres in 2001, to 75million litres in 2002, to 83 million litres in 2003 and to 78 million in 2004, with the retail price rising almost 50% in the same period. An alternative to fossil fuel is well justified and Samoa is pursuing research and development in bio-fuels within the RDIS.

The land transport sector is the largest consumer of fossil fuels (79%) and it is expected to increase even further over the next ten years unless action is taken now to introduce energy efficiency within the land transport sector. In addition, rapid expansion (and consumption) have also occurred in Samoa’s expanding air and sea transportation sectors, reflected in the recent upgradings and extensions to the main international airport and harbour facilities in Apia. All of these modern developments in the transportation network in Samoa have rapidly increased the demand for conventional sources of energy such as imported and expensive fossil fuels. In addition, this increasing annual demand on electricity is putting insurmountable pressure on Samoa’s electricity generation potential. Petroleum products are also used in other sectors of the economy such as electricity generation, aviation, industry and households.

This heavy dependency on petroleum products has come at considerable cost to the country’s economy, further compounded by rapidly increasing retail prices of all fossil fuel products, and a tendency to purchase high-powered less-efficient vehicles at the expense of a once efficient public land transport system. In addition, people’s health and prosperity are being affected by:
(i) consequent air pollution and GHG emissions,
(ii) the increased use of limited land resources for transportation infrastructures, and
(iii) a rapidly rising cost of living (i.e. imported foods and services, transportation costs, etc.).

Motivation
A more holistic national and regional approach to attaining sustainable and affordable energy efficiency in the land transport sector is needed with all stakeholders participating pro-actively and all suitable energy options being considered. Careful energy planning is needed on all fronts across all sectors because of the GHG effects, the rising cost of living, the rising cost of fuel, increasing costs of distribution, and a rapidly developing society with increasing energy demands. Somehow, with sustainable energy development, Samoa’s standard of living will hopefully continue to rise, and poverty can be addressed and hopefully alleviated.

Samoa’s recent Macroeconomics of Poverty Reduction in Samoa Report highlighted the importance of providing a wide range of community services to all villages including power (over 95% of Samoan villages now receive electricity). However there is a strong need for sustainable enegy strategies in light of:
(i) an expected 10% increase in demand for electricity annually,
(ii) an increasing reliance on fossil fuel imports, and
(iii) an existing poor compliance for energy efficiency,

Samoa is sufficiently motivated to take a long-term planning approach as outlined in the draft Samoa National Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategy to attaining energy efficiency in the land transport sector. Samoa has to
(i) urgently achieve fossil fuel savings in the land transport sector,
(ii) establish standards to improve energy efficiency in motorized transport,
(iii) encourage use of non-motorized transport,
(iv) develop financial mechanisms to encourage energy efficiency in land transport operations, and
(v) explore the generation of energy from biomass sources such as bio-oil, ethanol and methane.

Within the non-motorised transport sector, there is a need to encourage further use of non-motorized transport by encouraging the development of separate lanes and networks; better pedestrian facilities, traffic calming modalities as well as encourage the use of bicycles and electric scooters.

It is considered that the importation of petroleum products is now considered too expensive for Samoa to rely on in the long-term as it continues to drain the nation’s foreign reserves and fossil fuels contribute significantly to GHG emissions. The best way to mitigate global climate changes atributed to the land transport sector is to strengthen efficiency in the motorised land transport sector, encourage the use of non-motorised transport and promote the development of bio-fuels as an alternate for fossil fuel use. These strategies are the appropriate options for Samoa to take in order to reduce the cost and dependency on imported fossil fuel products.

Further motivation to respond to this inefficiency within the land transport sector is that this sector is the largest producer of greenhouse gas emissions. Whilst there has been no recording of air pollution levels from transportation and local industries in the country, recent studies in Samoa on the production of untended persistent organic pollutants showed that it was due mainly to incomplete combustion from vehicles. Hybrid vehicles, emission testing/regulations, importation of high quality fuels and increased engine performance can all contribute to better fuel efficiency with less negative impacts. There are also significant opportunities in the biofuel applications as alternative to fossil fuel to reduce GHG emissions.

To better promote energy efficiency in the land transport sector there is a need to strengthen the efficiency of motorised transport through the promotion of modal shifts to more efficient and less polluting forms of transport, encourage the public to use more public transport, support the development of transport policy to control the importation of inefficient vehicles, and formulate standards in order to promote the energy efficiency of transport products and technologies within Samoa. The GOS is already highly motivated and is responding promptly.

Energy requirements in Samoa need to be assessed and energy policies refined in accordance with other cross-sectoral policies albeit transport, forestry, agriculture, finance, health and the environment. Without this overall national holistic approach to attaining maximum energy efficiency that is both affordable and environmentally and socio-economically attractive to resource owners, Samoa will continue to have an expensive, non-renewable and inefficient non-sustainable industries. The GOS is therefore well motivated and has approved its National Energy Policy and National Policy on Combating Climate Change.


Aims and Objectives of the Project
Government’s macroeconomic reforms over the past 10 years have benefited the rural dwellers significantly, but further progress still needs to be made with reducing the cost of public services to rural communities such as electricity, transport and water. The overall objective of the project is, therefore, to reduce GHG emissions from the land transport sector in Samoa whilst simultaneously encouraging bio-fuel applications in Samoa. There will be savings in fossil fuel importation due to more efficient transport operation, savings in fossil fuel consumption due to reduced transport use, and greater potential to replace fossil fuels with bio-fuels.

Main overall objective
The overall objective of the proposed project is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through energy efficiency and bio-fuel applications in the land transport sector in Samoa.

Linkages to national and international energy and environmental development programme.
The overall objective of the project supports the relevant strategic provisions on energy efficiency and renewable energy policy of Samoa's National Energy Policy by
(i) reducing GHG emissions,
(ii) reducing the demand for fossil fuels, and
(iii) increasing mitigation of climate change impacts.

This project will also contribute directly to the relevant objectives for sustainable land use as described in the country’s National Land Use Policy and National Population Policy as well as other relevant national environmental and economic policies. The project will contribute directly to meeting Samoa’s obligations to reduce GHG emissions under the UNFCCC, as well as sustainable land use under the United Nations Convention to Combat Dessertification and the loss of biodiversity under the Convention on Biological Diversity.

Linkages to the roles of leading transport sector agencies of the Government
The MWTI and soon to be established as the Land Transport Authority is mandated to provide appropriate and effective regulatory and monitoring standards and measures to promote the sustainability of the development of the land transport sector in the country. Regulations currently exist to monitor engine efficiency and exhaust emissions and exhaust emission testing equipment has just been purchased to assist with the warrant of fitness for all 17,394 vehicles currently registered in Samoa.

In addition the RDIS wass established in 2006 to assist with the development of alternate energy sources, especially biofuels. Fuel efficiency additives are not being added to fossil fuels being sold in the Pacific because of their added expense, therefore, Pacific Island Countries need to focus on both fuel efficiency as well as alternate bio-fuel sources. The RDIS has the capability of conducting this bio-fuel research and collaborating closely with MNRE, MWTI, MWCSD and EPC.

Technical Description
The overall objective of the project is to improve the energy efficiency in the land transport sector in Samoa at a total estimated cost for the Project of $USD700,000 for a 5-year period. Technical description is summarised in the following four Tables as follows:

Table 1: Work Package Description
Table 2: Project Details
Table 3: Project Deliverables
Table 4: Project Milestones

These tables show the structure of the proposed Work Programme which provide administrative, organisational and technical management components which are expected to facilitate the effective coordination between all the project participants. The project will be implemented in three main components which are assembled into three Work Packages (WP1 - WP3) – see Table 1.

Table 1: Work Package Description
WP
Objective
Focused sector
1
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions in motorized transport operations through energy efficiency

Transport (motorised)
2
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions through the promotion of non-motorized transport

Transport (non-motorissed):

3
Explore alternative bio-fuel applications to replace fossil fuel

Research & development


Each Work Package, with its associated objective, has its own set of Outcomes and Activities (see Table 2) which provide all the project details.

Table 2: Project Details
WP
Outcomes
Activities
1
o Fuel savings in motorized transport operations

Ø Conduct awareness programmes on energy efficiency for land transport users
Ø Enforce the requirements for vehicle exhaust testing as part of the warrant of fitness
Ø Enforce engine performance as priority in vehicle road worthiness
Ø Focus on vehicle engines with efficient fuel consumption
Ø Enforce road speeds to maximize fuel consumption
Ø Design and construct roads to maximize fuel consumption
Ø Introduce vehicles using fuels other than fossil fuel (e.g. electric cars, hybrids, coconut oil, etc.)
Ø Strengthen public transport services and enforce operating schedules
Ø Provide safe and comfortable bus stop shelters
Ø Promote the use of car pooling (even for taxis)

1
o Standards to support energy efficiency in motorized transport operations
Ø Develop vehicle standards to maximize energy efficiency
Ø Establish road design and construction standards to maximize energy efficiency
Ø Set speed standards to maximize energy efficiency
Ø Implement enabling legislation for financial incentives to enforce standards

2
o Utilization of non-motorized transport
Ø Conduct public awareness programmes on non-motorized transport
Ø Provide dedicated paths and tracks for foot traffic
Ø Develop safe (e.g. separated from vehicles) and convenient (e.g. even surface, lanscaped) areas for pedestrians
Ø Provided dedicated lanes or tracks for bicycle users
Ø Provide safe and secure parking facilities for bicycles

1 & 2
o Financial mechanisms to encourage energy efficiency in transport operations
Ø Increase taxes on vehicles with large engines and their spare parts; reduce same on energy efficient vehicles
Ø Increase registration and licensing fees for vehicles with large engines
Ø Reduce taxes on bicycles
Ø Improve amenity of facilities for non-motorized transport
Ø Implement enabling legislation on financial incentives

3
o Research in and development of bio-fuel from ethanol
Ø Produce ethanol from biomass
Ø Develop the ultimate application of ethanol as bio-fuel
Ø Identify the best local sources of ethanol



Each Work Package has a clear set of deliverables (see Table 3).

Table 3: Project Deliverables
WP
Outcomes
Deliverables
1
o Fuel savings in motorized transport operations

Ø Development of Motorized Transport Energy Efficiency Action Plan
Ø Approval of Plan by Cabinet
Ø Implementation of priority actions

1
o Standards to support energy efficiency in motorized transport operations
Ø Development of Energy Efficiency Standards for Motorized Land Transport
Ø Development of regulations for enforcement of standards
Ø Approval of standards and regulations by Cabinet
Ø Enforcement of standards and regulations

2
o Utilization of non-motorized transport
Ø Development of Non-motorized Transport Action Plan
Ø Approval of Plan by Cabinet
Ø Implementation of priority actions

1 & 2
o Financial mechanisms to encourage energy efficiency in transport operations
Ø Development of mechanisms to support energy efficiency in transport operations
Ø Approval of mechanisms by Cabinet
Ø Implementation of priority mechanisms

3
o Research in and development of bio-fuel from ethanol
Ø Development and approval of R&D work plan
Ø Extraction of ethanol
Ø Testing of ethanol as bio-fuel



Each Work Package also has a clear set of milestones (see Table 4).

Table 4: Project Milestones
WP
Deliverables
Milestones
1
o Development of Motorized Land Transport Energy Efficiency Action Plan
o Approval of Plan by Cabinet
o Implementation of priority actions

End Y1

Start Y2
Y2-Y5

1
o Development of Energy Efficiency Standards for Motorized Transport
o Development of regulations for enforcement of standards
o Approval of standsrds and regulations by Cabinet
o Enforcement of standards and regulations
End Y2

End Y2
Start Y3
Y3-Y5

2
o Development of Non-motorized Transport Action Plan
o Approval of Plan by Cabinet
o Implementation of priority actions

End Y1
Start Y2
Y2-Y5

1 & 2
o Development of mechanisms to support energy efficiency in land transport operations
o Approval of mechanisms by Cabinet
o Implementation of priority mechanisms

End Y2

Start Y3
Y3-Y5
3
o Development and approval of R&D work plan
o Extraction of ethanol
o Testing of ethanol as bio-fuel

End Y1
Y2-Y3
Y4-Y5


Strategy for International support and Identification of possible Co-financiers
Please refer to Samoa's priorities for Global Environment Facility–Pacific Alliance for Sustainability (GEF-PAS) in Annex 1, which hilights the range of co-financing options for similar projects, both nationals and internationally. These priorities are part of a Pacific SIDS group project to be submitted to the GEF Council in April 2007. in Land Transport Sector through

Economic and Social impacts
The socio-economic impacts of attaining sustainable development, by definition, are intentionally maximized to their full extent provided all sectors harmonize their contributions, minimize their impacts and, in this case, strive for improving energy efficiency in the land transport sector. However, attaining sustainable energy development may still not equate to energy being affordable to all, especially Samoa’s rural poor who face a series of added socio-economic constraints. Making energy more affordable and energy production more environmentally-responsible are the key economic and social impacts of this project. Lifestyles may also be improved as health risks are reduced directly (e.g. reduced POPs) and indirectly (e.g. more non-motorised transport).

With the emphasis on increasing energy efficiency and reducing cost of energy being supplied to consumers, priority can be given also to energy efficient and affordable public and private transport. Most villagers aspire to having access to affordable public transport. Samoa had one of the highest public transport rates in the world, public buses all being privately owned by local villages. However, today, private motorized transport is becoming more common, but only provided it is affordable. For example, trialing of Italian-made electric cars, preferably 2 seaters with loading space in the rear, may be envisaged in this project. Similarly, cars or utilities with diesel engines could be easily adapted to using coconut oil/diesel mix as fuel – this technology is already available on island as a cheaper form of transport.

The people of Samoa are, therefore, the direct beneficiaries of these project activities such as cleaner air in the environment from the use of more efficient and less polluting motorised land transport technologies, the enhancement of their health from the adoption and use of non-motorized transportation, the reduction of degradation to the natural environment, and an increase in opportunities for income-generation from the use of biomass from their lands for bio-fuel production. Opportunities to develop and expand environmentally-friendly bio-fuel technologies in the country are also expected as a project outcome.

The list of the socio-economic benefits from the project are listed in Table 5 below.

Table 5 Socio-economic benefits from this project
Social
o Improvement in public health through reduced ambient air pollution
o Reduced GHG emissions
o Reduced emissions of air pollutants
o More equitable access throughout the Apia central business district
o Reduced accidents and illness
o Increased civic pride and sense of community
o Increased fitness from walking and cycling
o Increased quality time with family
Economic
o Lower energy consumption per person-kilometer
o Reduced travel time
o Increased economic productivity
o Increased employment opportunities
o Improved work conditions


There is also expected to be growing market prospect, including the establishment of:
(i) new business opportunities for engine performance testing and engine tuning centres,
(ii) service/sales centres for non-motorised vehicles such as bicycles, scooters, etc.,
(iii) retail outlets for the sale of bio-fuels, and
(iv) energy audit consultancies.

Description of the Proponents
Oveall the MNRE is responsible for the project initiation, coordination and arrangements of local and international consultants, and the development and implementation of training programmes and workshops with key stakeholders. The key stakeholders, with representative partners from other relevant organizations, will form a national technical body that will provide periodic reviews and technical and environmental advice on the direction and quality of the results of the project tasks and activities as they are implemented.

The MNRE is finalising the National GHG Abatement Strategy for the next ten years designed to focus on climate change mitigation, energy efficiency, bio-fuel applications and renewable energy resource programmes and projects, all of which contribute to the achievement of Samoa’s national and international obligations. It is also playing a significant role for the GOS in pro-actively and holistically planning for attaining sustainable development, taking the shortest possible route with the least possible expense. In so doing, the MNRE has identified key project participants (see Table 6) to help fast-track this project and implement all the above deliverables.

Table 6: Project Participants
Participant
Acronym
WP
Responsible
Ministry of Natural Resources & Environment

MNRE
1, 2 & 3
CEO-MNRE
Ministry of Works, Transport & Infrastructure

MWTI
1 & 2
CEO-MWTI
Ministry of Women, Community and Social Development
MWCSD
1 & 2
CEO-MWCSD
Research and Development Institute of Samoa
RDIS
3
ACEO-RDIS


The MNRE is the prime Ministry responsible for natural resource management, environmental management, climate change adaptation and mitigation, renewable energy and planning and urban management. MWTI is responsible for the transport and MWCSD is responsible for community and social development. RDIS is chartered to explore renewable research and development while the EPC is responsible for power supply.

Funding
A total of USD 700,000 has been identified as the estimated cost of the project (see Table 7). There is a strong likelihood of co-financing from the GEF-PAS.

Table 7: Project Funding
Participant
Requested funding
MNRE
$USD 250,000
MWTI
150,000
RDIS
250,000
MWCSD
30,000
Misc.
20,000
Total
$USD 700,000


The four key participants who are responsible for the successful implementation of this project within a 5 year period, have estimated the cost for each category as follows (see Table 8).

Table 8: Cost for Categories and Participants
Participant
Personnel
Travel
Consumable
DurableEquipment
OtherCosts
Overhead
TOTAL(USD)
MNRE
160,000
10,000
10,000
40,000
10,000
20,000
250,000
MWTI
82,500
7,500
7,500
30,000
7,500
15,000
150,000
RDIS
145,000
15,000
15,000
40,000
15,000
20,000
250,000
MWCSD
16,500
1,500
1,500
6,000
1,500
3,000
30,000
Misc.
11,000
1,000
1,000
4,000
1,000
2,000
20,000
TOTAL
415,000
35,000
35,000
120,000
35,000
60,000
$USD700,000


Duration of the Project
A period of five years is proposed as the adequate time to fully implement all the tasks and activities identified in this project, as shown in Table 9.

Table 9 Project Duration
WP
Activities
Deliverables
Duration
1
o Conduct awareness programmes on energy efficiency for land transport users
o Enforce the requirements for vehicle testing and warrant of fitness
o Enforce engine performance as priority in vehicle road worthiness
o Focus on vehicle engines with efficient fuel consumption
o Enforce road speeds to maximize fuel consumption
o Design and construct roads to maximize fuel consumption
o Introduce vehicles using fuel other than fossil fuel (e.g. electric cars, coconut oil)
o Strengthen public transport services and enforce operating schedules
o Provide safe and comfortable bus stop shelters
o Promote the use of ca/taxi pooling

Ø Development of Motorized Land Transport Energy Efficiency Action Plan
Ø Approval of Plan by Cabinet
Ø Implementation of priority actions

Y1-Y5
1
Ø Develop vehicle standards to maximize energy efficiency
Ø Establish road design and construction standards to maximize energy efficiency
Ø Set speed standards to maximize energy efficiency
Ø Implement enabling legislation for financial incentives to enforce standards

Ø Development of Energy Efficiency Standards for Motorized Land Transport
Ø Development of regulations for enforcement of standards
Ø Approval of standards and regulations by Cabinet
Ø Enforcement of standards and regulations
Y2-Y5

2
Ø Conduct public awareness programmes in non-motorized transport
Ø Provide dedicated paths and tracks for foot traffic
Ø Develop safe (e.g. separated from vehicles) and convenient (e.g. even surface, lanscaped) areas for pedestrians
Ø Provided dedicated lanes or tracks for bicycle users
Ø Provide safe and secure parking facilities for bicycles

Ø Development of Non-motorized Transport Action Plan
Ø Approval of Plan by Cabinet
Ø Implementation of priority actions

Y1-Y5

1 & 2
Ø Increase taxes on vehicles with large engines and their spare parts; reduce same on energy efficient vehicles
Ø Increase registration and licensing fees for vehicles with large engines
Ø Reduce taxes on bicycles
Ø Improve amenity of facilities for non-motorized land transport
Ø Implement enabling legislation on financial incentives

Ø Development of mechanisms to support energy efficiency in transport operations
Ø Approval of mechanisms by Cabinet
Ø Implementation of priority mechanisms

Y2-Y5


3
Ø Produce ethanol from biomass
Ø Develop the ultimate application of ethanol as bio-fuel
Ø Identify the best local sources of ethanol

Ø Development and approval of R&D work plan
Ø Extraction of ethanol
Ø Testing of ethanol as bio-fuel

Y1-Y5



Conclusion
Energy efficiency is considered to provide maximum benefits at both the national and global levels in the short- to medium-terms. Samoa also wishes to do its part in global efforts to reduce GHG emissions through the development of viable biofuels.
ANNEX I
SAMOA'S PRIORITY PROJECTS IN THE GEF FOCAL AREAS FOR THE PACIFIC ALLIANCE FOR SUSTAINABILITY

Priority number
NATIONAL PROJECTS
Detailed title of the proposal and its current status of preparation (concept, PIF, project document)*

GEF Focal Area and Operational Strategy
List 2 to 3 expected major outcomes of the proposed project in terms of
List 3-5 main project activities
Identify link to national strategies or reports to the conventions
Co-financing sources (in-kind and cash co-financing listed separately)
Global environmental benefits
National sustainable development benefits
1
Sustainable Management of Forest Resources on Savaii Island

Biodiversity
1. Protection of forestry genetic resources
2. Protection of terrestrial biodiversity
3. Development of model for Community Protected Areas on customary lands
1. Sustainable development of forest resources among rural communities
2. Improved support for rural livelihoods from forest products
3. Improved governance for Community Protected Areas
4. Establishment of Community Protected Areas on customary lands

1. Build capacity for the sustainable development of forests
2. Develop income generating activities for affected stakeholders
3. Implement pilot projects to support the establishment of Community Protected Areas
1 National Strategy for the Development of Samoa 2005-2007
2 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
3 National Policy on Forestry for Sustainable Development
4 National Policy for the Conservation of Biodiversity
Cash
-JICA
- Ausaid
-UNESCO
-NZaid
In-kind
- Ministry of Natural Resources & Environment (MNRE)
- Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries (MAF)
- Ministry of Women, Community & Social Development (MWCSD)

2
Integrated Climate Change Adaptation in Samoa

Climate Change (adaptation)
Not Applicable
1. Enhanced early warning systems
2. Improved management of climate health
3. Enhanced food security
4. Improved resilience of coastal communities
1. Strengthen weather and climate services
2. Build capacity to deal with climate-related diseases
3. Build capacity in food security
4. Protect coastal wetlands
1 National Policy on Combating Climate Change
2 National Adaptation Plan of Action
3 Coastal Infrastructure Management Strategy
Cash
- Government of Samoa
- World Bank
- FAO
In-kind
- MNRE
- MAF
- MWCSD
- Ministry of Health (MoH)
3
Greenhouse Gas Abatement through Energy Efficiency and Biofuel Applications in the Electricity Sector

Climate Change (mitigation)
1. Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
2. Reduced demand for fossil fuel
3. Increased mitigation of climate change

1. Savings in consumer electricity costs due to reduced demand
2. Savings in fossil fuel costs for electricity generation due to more efficient supply operations
3. Utilisation of biofuel as alternative to fossil fuel
4. Savings in energy use in buildings due to improved design and construction

1. Improve energy efficiency of electricity enduses (demand management)
2. Improve energy efficiency of electricity production (supply management)
3. Enhanced energy efficiency of buildings
4. Conduct research in biofuel as alternative to fossil fuel

1. National Policy on Combating Climate Change
2. National GHG Abatement Strategy 2007-2017 (draft)
3. National Energy Policy
Cash
- ADB
- Government of Italy
- UNDP
In-kind
- MNRE
- MWCSD
- Ministry of Works, Transport & Infrastructure (MWTI)
- Electric Power Corporation (EPC)
- Research & Development Institute of Samoa (RDIS)
4
Sustainable Management of Coastal Resources at Vaiusu Bay

Multi-focal Areas:
- Biodiversity
- International Waters
- Land Degradation

1. Improved protection of marine biodiversity
2. Enhanced conservation of marine ecosystems
3. Improved quality of inshore waters
4. Reduced pollution from land-based activities

1. Enhanced amenity of the bay area
2. Increased levels of fish and shellfish
3. Greater protection of mangroves
4. Better protection of marine resources
5. Cleaner coastal waters
1. Protect the mangrove forests
2. Conserve the marine resources
3. Reduce pollution in the bay from human activities
4. Clean-up the former rubbish dump
1. National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
2. National Policy on the Conservation of Biodiversity
3. National Action Plan on Land Degradation
4. National Water Resources Policy
5. National Policy on Waste Management

Cash
- Ausaid
- JICA
- EU
- ADB
In-kind
- MNRE
- MAF
- MWTI
- MoH
- MWCSD
- Samoa Water Authority (SWA)


5.
Sustainable Management of Waste Pollution in the Urban and the Tourism Sectors

Cross-cutting Issues:
- Urbanisation
- Tourism
- Waste Generation
- GHG Emissions
1. Reduced environmental and health risks from waste pollution
2. Reduced production of dioxins and furans
3. Reduced GHG emissions due tourism activities

1 Bette management of waste
2 Improved public health from toxic waste pollution
3 Sustained growth of the tourism sector

1. Promote carbon neutral tourism operations
2. Develop effective options to minimise waste pollution
3. Reduce the local production of dioxins and furans
1. National Waste Management Policy
2. National Policy on Combating Climate Change
3. National GHG Abatement Strategy 2007-2017 (draft)
4. National Chemicals Management Strategy 2007-2017 (draft)
5. National Implementation Plan for POPs
Cash
- JICA
- EU
- World Bank
In-kind
- MNRE
- MoH
- MAF
- MWCSD
- Ministry of Education, Sports & Culture (MESC)
- Samoa Tourism Authority
- Ministry for Revenue – Customs (MfR)


MULTI-COUNTRY PROJECTS
Detailed title of the proposal and its current status of preparation (concept, PIF, project document)*






1
Pacific Adaptation to Climate Change (Pacific regional project under SPREP)

Climate Change (adaptation)
Not Applicable
1. Enhanced resilience of coastal communities
2. Improved conservation of coastal natural resources
3. Greater protection of coastal infrastructures

1. Protect private coastal assets
2. Conserve coastal natural resources and the environment
3. Protect public coastal assets and infrastructure

1. National Adaptation Plan of Action
2. National Policy on Combating Climate Change
3. Coastal Infrastructure Management Strategy

Cash
-World Bank
-Government of Samoa
In-kind
-MNRE
-MWTI
-MWCSD

2
Integrated Water Resources Management (Pacific regional project under SOPAC)
International Waters
1. Improved quality of freshwater
2. Improved quality of inshore waters

1. Improved assessment of underground water
2. Strengthened protection of watershed areas
3. Improved governance of national water resources

1. Improve freshwater quality
2. Rehabilitate watershed areas
3. Develop public-private partnerships for sustainable water resources management
1. National Water Resources Policy
2. National Water Resources Strategy 2007-2017
Cash
-JICA
-EU
-ADB (sanitation)
-ADB (hydro)
In-kind
-MNRE
-SWA
-MoH
-MWTI
-MWCSD
-EPC

3
Pacific Invasive Species Management Programme (Pacific regional project under SPREP)
Biodiversity
1. Strengthened regional biosecurity system
2. Reduced risk of new invasions and/or new species becoming established
1. Strengthened quarantine and boarder control services
2. Better programmes focused on specific species and sites
3. Improved techniques for management and cure

1. Create public awareness and collect planning data
2. Build capacity and acquire relevant skills
3. Implement eradication and control pilot projects

1. National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
2. National Policy on the Conservation of Biodiversity
3. South Pacific Regional Invasive Species Strategy
4. National Invasive Species Strategy
Cash
-JICA
-Conservation International
In-kind
-MNRE
-MAF
-MfR